Paediatric Neurology in Pune

1. Epilepsy: Recurrent seizures are a symptom of Epilepsy, a neurological condition distinguished by brief disruptions in the brain's electrical activity. These seizures lead to abrupt shifts in behaviour, deviating from the consistent pattern of small electrical impulses seen in normal brain function.
2. Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral palsy refers to a group of disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture. This condition presents with heightened reflexes, limb and trunk floppiness or spasticity, distinctive standing positions, involuntary movements, and unsteady walking or a combination of these symptoms.
3. Developmental Delay: Children with developmental delays exhibit a lag in acquiring expected developmental skills compared to their peers. These delays may encompass social skills, play, speech and language, cognitive development, and motor function. In instances of global developmental delay, a child shows severe delays in two or more developmental domains.
4. Autism: Autism is a developmental disorder characterised by impeded speech, social interaction, and behaviour, symptoms such as communication difficulties—both verbal and nonverbal, repetitive behaviours, and focused interests. The complexity of these symptoms varies, with some achieving independence, while others require substantial support.
5. ADHD: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental condition characterised by persistent challenges like difficulty focusing, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviour. It can contribute to low self-esteem, strained relationships, and average academic or career performance. Similar challenges may emerge in childhood, and while symptoms may improve for some over time, others may grapple with ADHD symptoms throughout their lives.
6. Meningitis: Meningitis is marked by inflammation of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord, with potential causes including infection with a pathogen such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Symptoms include fever, headaches, stiff neck, and light sensitivity. Treatment, involving antibiotics, antifungal or antiviral drugs, and corticosteroids, depends on the underlying cause. Vaccines are available for certain types. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for preventing severe complications like brain injury and death.
7. Paediatric Headache: A prevalent issue affecting around 50% of children and adolescents, paediatric headache poses a common challenge. Migraine is the second most typical headache type after tension headaches. Classified as primary headaches unrelated to underlying medical conditions, certain instances may require a headache specialist, along with pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle changes. Ensuring proper diagnosis and care is essential to enhance the quality of life for paediatric headache sufferers.
8. Paediatric Stroke: While rare, paediatric stroke can impact children, encompassing both stroke and blood vessel-related cerebrovascular illnesses. Strokes are categorised as ischemic, caused by insufficient blood flow, or hemorrhagic, resulting from bleeding into the brain. Damage occurs when a brain blood vessel is compromised, leading to a loss of blood supply and harm to the brain tissue.

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